Precambrian Eon
4.6 - 541 M 4.059
Archean Eon
4 - 2.5 1.5
Mesoarchaean
 3.2 - 2.8 400M |
Neoarchean
 2.8 - 2.5 .3 |
| Earth's permanent crust is formed. Vast amounts of metallic minerals are deposited. oceans & atmosphere result from volcanic outgassing. |
prokaryotes earliest life in seas. single cell no nucleus
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). earliest bacteria obtain energy through chemosynthesis (ingestion of organic molecules). |
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Proterozoic Eon
2.5 - 541 M 2,047,000,000
Paleoproterozoic Era
 2.5 - 1.6 1B
Siderian 2.5 - 2.3 .2
| 2.5 First organisms to utilize oxygen. |
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Precambrian Eon
4.6 - 541 M 4.059
Proterozoic Eon
2.5 - 541 M 2,047,000,000
Paleoproterozoic Era
 2.5 - 1.6 1B
Orosirian
2.05-1.8 2.05
| 2 Complex cells appear: Eukaryotes, which contain various organelles. eukaryotic cell seems to have evolved from a symbiotic community of prokaryotic cells. origin of eukaryotic cell is a milestone in evolution of life. Their higher level of organizational complexity permits development of truly multicellular organisms. |
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 Statherian Period
 1.8 - 1.6 200M |
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Precambrian Eon
4.6 - 541 M 4.059
Proterozoic Eon
2.5 - 541 M 2,047,000,000
Paleoproterozoic EraÂ
2.5 - 1.6 1B
 Statherian Period
 1.8 - 1.6 200M |
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Mesoproterozoic Era
1.6 B - 1B .6
Calymmian
 1.6 - 1.4 200M |
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Precambrian Eon
4.6 - 541 M 4.059
Proterozoic Eon
2.5 - 541 M 2,047,000,000
Mesoproterozoic Era
1.6 B - 1B .6
1.1 Rodinia Supercontinent Plate tectonics slows to present. mountain form as continents collide. Quartz sandstones, shales, limestones deposited Oxygen increase life obtain energy photosynthesis. late Proterozoic is an "Ice House" world.
1.1 Eukaryotes single-celled organisms with nucleus more advanced algae & variety of protozoa. reproduce sexually, genetic diversity adapt & survive environment
metazoans Multi-celled soft-bodied marine |
| 1.2 Sexual reproduction evolves, leading to faster evolution. |
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Neoproterozoic Era
1B - 541
TonianÂ
1B - 720Â 280
900 - 543 Neoproterozoic
900 Choanoflagellates ancestors animals, & in particular sponges.
| 850 Proterospongia best living examples ancestor of all animals |
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650 - 543 Vendian Sub-period.
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Precambrian Eon
4.6 - 541 M 4.059
Proterozoic Eon
2.5 - 541 M 2,047,000,000
Neoproterozoic Era
1B - 541
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Phanerozoic Eon
541 - Present
Paleozoic Era (Ancient Life)
543 - 248 295 |
Cambrian Period
541 - 485.4 55.6
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Ordovician Period
485.4 - 443.8 41.6
Early Ordovician
0 - 0 0
Tremadocian Stage
0 - 0 0 |
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Middle Ordovician
0 - 0 0
Darriwilian Stage
0 - 0 0 |
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 Silurian Period
443.8 - 419.2 24.6
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 Devonian
419.2 - 358.9 60.3
Lower Devonian
419.2 - 393.3 0
Lochkovian Stage
419.2 - 410.8 0 |
Pragian Stage
410.8 - 407.6 0 |
Emsian Stage
407.6 - 393.3 0 |
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Carboniferous
358.9 - 298.9 60
Mississippian Stage
382.7 - 372.2 0
Tournaisian Stage
419.2 - 410.8 0 |
Visean Stage
410.8 - 407.6 0 |
Serpukhovian Stage
407.6 - 393.3 0 |
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Permian
298.9 - 251.9 47
Cisuralian Stage
298.9 - 272.95 0
Asselian Stage
298.9 - 295 0 |
Sakmarian Stage
295 - 290.1 0 |
Artinskian Stage
290.1 - 283.5 0 |
Kungurian Stage
283.5 - 272.95 0 |
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Guadalupian Stage
272.95 - 259.1 0
Capitanian
265.1 - 259.1 0 |
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Lopingian Stage
259.1 - 251.902 0
Wuchiapingian Stage
259.1 - 254.14 0 |
Changhsingian
254.14 - 251.902 0 |
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543 - Present Phanerozoic Era
| 500 Fish and Proto-amphibians |
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251.902 - 66 Mesozoic Era (Middle Life)
250 Million to present 1st Galactic year
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Carboniferous Period 354 - 290
Geologic - Sedimentary rocks (sandstone, shale, limestone, conglomerate) form in shallow seas over continents. Rodinia begins to break up into northern & southern portions. Gondwana in south incorporates South America, Africa, Antarctica, & Western Australia as well as peninsular India & parts of Arabia.
global climate is generally mild.
Biologic - The first fish, corals, and shellfish appeared.
Marine metazoans with mineralized skeletons, such as sponges, bryozoans, corals, brachiopods, molluscs, arthropods, and echinoderms, flourish. One group of arthropods, trilobites, are particularly dominant in shallow-water marine habitats.
Plant life is limited to marine algae.
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65 - Present Cenozoic Era
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| 600 It is thought that earliest multicellular life on Earth was a sponge-like creature. |
| Sponges are among simplest of animals, with partially differentiated tissues but without muscles, nerves, or internal organs. Porifera are phylogenetically oldest animal phylum extant today. In some ways they are closer to being cell colonies than multicellular organisms. |
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